Soil
- Soil characteristics
- Soil formation- factors, stages and process
- Soil profiles and horizons
- Soil classification
- Soil erosion and other problems
- Soil conservation
Soils of India-characteristics and distribution
- Alluvial soil
- Black soil
- Red and yellow soil
- Laterite soil
- Arid soil
- Saline soil
- Plateau soil
- Forest soil
Natural Vegetation
- Classification of forest- on basis of
administration and leaf cover (open, dense etc.) - Tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen forest
- Tropical deciduous forest
- Thorn forest
- Montane forest
- Littoral and swamp forest
- Forestry
- Forest cover in India
- Grasslands
Agriculture
- Farming system
- Subsistence Farming
- Shifting Agriculture
- Plantation Agriculture
- Intensive farming
- Dry agriculture
- Mixed and multiple agriculture
- Terrace cultivation
Irrigation types- merits and demerits
- Well and tube well irrigation
- Canal irrigation
- Tank irrigation
- Drip irrigation
- Sprinkler irrigation
- Other types of irrigation- furrow surge, ditch seepage etc.
- Irrigation related issues
Land resource
- Agriculture regionalization
- Land use pattern
- Agriculture revolutions
- agricultural labours
- agricultural marketing
- agricultural census
- sustainable agriculture
- agriculture issues and challenges
- Agriculture intensity
- Agro climatic conditions of
India - Agricultural allied activities
- sericulture poultry farming dairy apiculture
miscellaneous
Crops and Cropping Pattern
- Major crops in India (focus on conditions of
growth, variety, production pattern,
international trade etc. trade etc.) - Major crops
– Food crops- rice, wheat, maize,
pulses, millets etc.
– Plantation crops- coffee, tea, rubber,
coconut etc. - Cash crops- spices, tobacco, rubber, silk,
jute, oilseeds, sugarcane, cotton etc. - Horticulture- Vegetables and fruits
– other crops - cropping seasons
- cropping pattern in India
- seeds and fertilizers
- Dry zone farming
- organic farming
- crop combinations
- contract farming
- crop concentration